Clint Eastwoodis one of the most influential actors, filmmakers, and artists in cinematic history, and has successfully endeared himself as an icon for multiple generations. While seeing accomplished actors become directors is by no means uncommon, Eastwood’s transition is completely incomparable. After becoming one of the biggest stars in the world in the 1960s, Eastwood decided to step behind the camera and became an even more accomplished filmmaker, winning two Best Director trophies at the Academy Awards for Million Dollar Baby and Unforgiven. While it was not his breakout film, nor his directorial debut, the 1973 Western High Plains Drifter was the film that changed everything for Eastwood.
Clint Eastwood Made His Directorial Debut With 'Play Misty For Me'
Image via Universal Pictures
While he had dabbled in low-budget monster movies during the early stages of his career in the 1950s, Eastwood would have to wait until he stepped outside of the American film industry to get his breakthrough role as an actor. After being cast as the enigmatic “The Man With No Name” in Sergio Leone’s 1964 Western A Fistful of Dollars, Eastwood’s popularity allowed him to star in the sequels For a Few Dollars More and The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly. The success of Eastwood’s international projects gave him more clout when he returned to make American studio films. It was a somewhat ironic fate for an actor who had initially been fired by Universal Studios for not being a typical “movie star.”
Unfortunately, the Western films in the United States had not yet adopted the same stylistic qualities that had hallmarked the “Spaghetti Westerns” that Eastwood had built his reputation on. Compared to the energetic, subversive approach to action and suspense that Leone had epitomized in “The Man With No Name” trilogy, the American Westerns Eastwood starred in felt antiquated and generic in comparison. Both 1968’s Hang ‘Em Highand 1972’s Joe Kidd, while being entirely watchable, reflected a more traditional style of Westerns reminiscent of the Golden Age of Hollywood. They simply did not take advantage of the unique talents that Eastwood had as a star.
Eastwood, Lee Marvin, and Jean Seberg play a frontier throuple.
However, Eastwood was able to experiment working behind the camera with his 1971 directorial debut Play Misty For Me .Essentially a slasher film that drew significant influence from the works of the great Alfred Hitchcock, Play Misty For Me starred Eastwood as the charismatic radio DJ Dave Garver, who is stalked by his obsessive fan Evelyn Draper (Jessica Walter). Appearing in a psychological thriller with overt sexual undertones was certainly a change of pace for Eastwood, as it wasn’t a genre that he was that familiar with. Nonetheless, Play Misty For Me indicated that Eastwood could direct a film with energy and vision, showing he had a strong grasp on the genre. It also indicated that he was talented at directing himself, as his performance in Play Misty For Me was far stronger than his work in Hang ‘Em High or Joe Kidd. The success of Play Misty For Me inspired Eastwood to return to the Western genre for a film that he would both direct and star in.
Clint Eastwood's 'High Plains Drifter' Changed the Western Genre
Set in the isolated town of Lago during the height of the Wild West period, High Plains Drifter was a unique Western that reflected the international influence of Leone’s films. High Plains Drifter lacked the stylized approach to action that had made A Fistful of Dollars so notable, as it opted for overt graphic violence and narrative momentum. However, the meandering pace and focus on building suspense was clearly lifted from the work that Leone had done in the iconic final shootout of The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly.While this type of filmmaking style was common internationally, Eastwood perfectly synthesized it with the American approach to High Plains Drifter.
While he drew inspiration from his past collaborators, Eastwood developed a style of revisionist Westerns with High Plains Drifter. Compared to the “Golden Age of Hollywood” Westerns that tended to feature easily identifiable heroes and villains, High Plains Drifter had much more ethically ambiguous themes. Eastwood’s character, a mysterious gunslinger known only as “The Stranger,” is presented as a violent thug who is forced to help defend an innocent town from the impending attack of a gang of thugs. While he is forced into a position where he must act heroically, “The Stranger” is not motivated by any obligation to the law. The final action sequence is among the most gruesome that Eastwood has ever directed — it serves as a reminder that “The Stranger” is a character to be feared, regardless of where the characters’ loyalties lie.
'High Plains Drifter' Pays Homage to Leone, but Stands on Its Own
Image via Universal Pictures
Leone’s influence on Eastwood is written all over High Plains Drifter, from the grizzly, mysterious protagonist with no name to the moral ambiguity inherent in the Spaghetti Western tradition. But while Eastwood’s Spaghetti Western roots certainly shaped elements of his second directorial feature, High Plains Drifter has its own distinct supernatural flair that turns what could be a straightforward revisionist Western into an unexpected ghost story. So while Eastwood could easily have fallen into the trap of crafting a Leone knockoff, another story about a mysterious “Stranger” with questionable loyalties,High Plains Drifter showed Eastwood’s potential to stand on his own as a director.
The film’s grim dismantling of the Western tradition complements the eerie mysticism that is necessary for what is essentially a spiritual ghost story. Eastwood’s directing is much more baroque here than what we typically see in his later films, with High Plains Drifter opting for a much bolder approach than the reserved minimalism of something like Eastwood’s The Bridges of Madison County. With a shadowy, almost gothic-like style paired with the bleakness of a revisionist Western, Eastwood showed with High Plains Drifter that while he certainly had creative influences, he also had his own vision and wasn’t afraid to reinvent himself.
Clint Eastwood’s Later Classics Were Inspired by 'High Plains Drifter'
By playing such an unusual protagonist, Eastwood proved that he gave his best performances in films that he directed. “The Stranger” was evidently a character modeled after his inherent strengths as an actor, as he only briefly talks and does not engage in social niceties with the people under his protection. While even the films in Eastwood’s Dirty Harryfranchise called for him to occasionally give comedic one-liners, High Plains Drifter refused to let Eastwood conform to the more standard qualities of a hero. It was a bold acting choice that Eastwood may not have been able to make had he not directed High Plains Drifter himself.
Earning praise for its novel reinvention of the genre, High Plains Drifter kicked off a new era of Eastwood’s career where he directed many Westerns. Films like Pale Riderand The Outlaw Josey Walestook a similarly grim approach to the genre, allowing Eastwood to play other violent anti-heroes. Eastwood’s 1992 masterpiece Unforgiven was seen as a self-reflective commentary on the revisionist genre he helped create, as it featured an older gunslinger having to return to the lifestyle he had abandoned. Unforgiven’s success wouldn’t have been possible if High Plains Drifter hadn’t laid the groundwork.
Eastwood Continues To Be an Innovator
Although he is well-known for being an iconic movie star, Eastwood deserves to be regarded as one of the greatest directors of all time, and should be in conversation with legends like Stanley Kubrickand Alfred Hitchcock. It may be easy to dismiss the types of projects that Eastwood tends to work on as “populist entertainment,” but he has an incredibly versatile filmography that incorporates all sorts of genres. This specificity can even be seen within the different types of westerns that he has made; High Plains Drifter is a very different film than Pale Rider, which is entirely unique compared to Unforgivenand The Outlaw Josey Wales. The fact that Eastwood’s films tend to be popular is just a byproduct of his wide-ranging appeal, as the choices that he made have never been intended to be completely commercial. In fact, High Plains Drifter was released during a transitional point within the history of westerns; the genre began to decline as the “New Hollywood” movement of the 1970s took over, and it wouldn’t be revived again until the 1990s.
One of the more underrated aspects of his skill set is that Eastwood does a great job at directing himself. While it is not uncommon for actors to become filmmakers, few have been able to balance this quite as well as Eastwood has; directors like Robert Redford and Jon Favreau don’t always appear in the films they make, and some filmmakers like Kevin Costner and Mel Gibson have been called out for giving bland performances when they are directing themselves. It is quite easy for an actor to give themselves a starring role, but Eastwood shows a remarkable degree of self-awareness when casting himself.High Plains Drifter is a great example of this, as Eastwood is playing a dark character who is by no means a traditional hero.High Plains Drifter was quintessential within the changing expectations of what the western could be; during a period where Americans began to reckon with the fact that the “wild west” represented a fairly ugly moment in national history, Eastwood was able to show a toxic character who is forced to find redemption.
What is particularly admirable is that Eastwood has continued to be relevant in his later years by making interesting projects that speak to modern themes. Between the “ripped from the headlines” true stories of The Mule, American Sniper, Changeling, The 15:17 to Paris, and Richard Jewell, Eastwood has shown a keen interest in exploring the nature of real heroes, despite the industry being dominated by comic book franchises and multiverses. Although it barely received any sort of theatrical release, Eastwood’s latest (and presumably final) film, the legal drama Juror #2, might be the best thing he’s made since winning his second Best Director Oscar for Million Dollar Baby. By confronting the ethical gray area of the judiciary system and intertwining a compelling mystery storyline, Eastwood was able to confront his viewers with a serious debate that is bound to spark discourse for many years to come.
High Plains Drifter is available to rent on Prime Video in the U.S.
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High Plains Drifter
A gun-fighting stranger comes to the small settlement of Lago and is hired to bring the townsfolk together in an attempt to hold off three outlaws who are on their way.
Image via Universal Pictures
Image via Universal Pictures 
Image via Universal Pictures 
English (US) ·