Nvidia 800 VDC power rollout for 1 megawatt server racks to be supported by ABB — company says collaboration will create 'new power solutions for future gigawatt-scale data centers '

Swedish-Swiss multinational industrial outfit ABB has announced a partnership with Nvidia that will see it support Nvidia's rollout of 800 VDC power architecture for 1 megawatt server racks. The company says the collaboration will power future gigawatt-scale data centers thanks to its high-efficiency infrastructure.

In case you haven't dipped your toes in the data center world, moving to 800V DC transmission is quite a big deal, as it allows for significant efficiency improvements, large cost savings in materials needed, and much higher upper limits on per-rack and per-data center power delivery. While the 800 VDC notion isn't new, having the world's largest chip designer fully embrace the standard throws substantial weight behind it.

The announcement notes that Nvidia is gunning for megawatt-powered individual server racks, with many of these making up all those gigawatts we keep hearing about in recent AI deals. ABB claims it's on the leading edge of producing 800 VDC gear for "next-generation" AI data centers.

As a practical example, Nvidia cites marine vessels' 1,000 VDC systems as saving 20 to 40% energy and having 30% lower maintenance costs. That presumably adds to the lower material cost of installation. The company further notes that future data centers combine medium-voltage power supplies with DC power distribution, all with solid-state power electronics devices. Both ABB and Nvidia have detailed write-ups on 800 VDC, but here's a simplification.

Using a common PC as a basic example, electricity gets to your power supply in 110 V (or 220V) AC form, then gets converted to DC by said power supply to 12 V, 5 V, and 3.3 V. The conversion introduces a certain amount of loss, exacerbated many times over in a data center scenario. A good number of contemporary data center installations use medium voltage 340-480 V three-phase for the main line and across the building, and step down to DC at the PSUs and UPSes.

That's already more complicated than it needs to be. Even at the increased voltage of a data center, basic physics demands that in order to carry the hundreds of kilowatts that modern server racks can require, it's necessary to use extremely thick cables along with corresponding connectors and associated gear.

The equipment required for the multiple step-downs is likewise bulky and repeated, so to speak, in multiple steps along the way. All this is quite pricey and demands careful consideration when architecting data center buildings.

Increasing the voltage to 800 V by itself already substantially knocks down the wire gauges necessary, and converting to DC immediately at the power room completely bypasses any further equipment up to the rack, with only current protection as a key element along the path. The rack equipment then takes care of stepping 800 V DC down to 12 V DC, bypassing the majority of components in a regular PSU. It's a win-win scenario for everyone involved.

While historically medium- and high-voltage lines have been AC to avoid transmission losses, material advancements have made long-range DC transmission more popular, like in the recently started 525 kV DC cable that will be running across the Mediterranean Sea floor. If, hypothetically, all data centers moved to the 800 VDC standards, the world could witness significant power savings as a result.

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